ADHD Treatment & Psychiatry Services in Connecticut
Understanding the Causes of ADHD
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. While the exact cause of ADHD is not yet fully understood, research has shown that several factors contribute to its development.
Dr. Satinover, the lead psychiatrist at Sterling Institute in Connecticut, provides valuable insight into the complex nature of ADHD, its evolutionary context, and the connection between ADHD and anxiety.
Here are some of the causes of ADHD as explained by Dr. Satinover:
- Genetics: ADHD is a genetically determined, strongly heritable condition. Based on the results of family and twin studies, the estimated heritability of ADHD approximates 80%.
- Evolutionary Perspective: While ADHD is commonly referred to as a disorder, Dr. Satinover emphasizes that it can be seen as an adaptive mechanism that served an important community function in pre-civilized times. The attentional system of the brain in individuals with ADHD has an evolved tendency to jump from one object of attention to another rapidly. However, it can be challenging to manage in modern society, especially during the 12+ years of formal education that are typical in many cultures.
- Co-Occurring Anxiety: Individuals with longstanding ADHD can develop secondary anxiety states induced by challenging tasks such as reading uninteresting literature. This can lead to full-blown anticipatory anxiety and procrastination, setting up an anxiety vicious circle as deadlines loom. However, the heightened propensity to anxiety that may result from ADHD shares many genes with the ADHD network. Thus, it is not uncommon for people with ADHD to also have anxiety conditions, and the two conditions can be difficult to disentangle.
- Adaptive Advantages: From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that individuals with both ADHD and anxiety are hardwired to scan the horizon for threats rapidly and sometimes over-respond to stimuli. While this can cause problems during calm periods, individuals with these traits often excel during crises. Dr. Satinover emphasizes that it is important to recognize that ADHD is not simply a disorder but rather an evolved tendency with both advantages and disadvantages.
- Environmental Factors: Prenatal exposure to substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs can increase the risk of ADHD. Additionally, exposure to lead or other environmental toxins during early childhood may also contribute to the development of ADHD.
- Brain Development: ADHD is associated with structural and functional differences in the brain, particularly in areas responsible for attention, impulse control, and executive functioning. These differences may be present from birth or develop later in life.
- Brain Injuries: In some cases, ADHD can result from brain injuries or infections that affect the development of the brain's attention and impulse control centers.
By understanding the complex genetic and evolutionary factors behind ADHD, as well as its connection to anxiety, professionals at Sterling Institute are better equipped to provide effective treatment and support for individuals with ADHD. If you’re looking for a psychiatrist in Connecticut or via telehealth who specializes in ADHD, please reach out to us.
Recognizing the Symptoms of ADHD
Understanding the symptoms of ADHD is crucial to seek appropriate treatment and support. ADHD symptoms can vary widely among individuals and may present differently in children, adolescents, and adults. At Sterling Institute, we emphasize the importance of recognizing these symptoms so that timely intervention can be provided.
Here is a list of common ADHD symptoms to look for:
Inattention
- Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks or activities
- Frequent forgetfulness in daily activities
- Trouble organizing tasks and time management
- Tendency to make careless mistakes
- Easily distracted by external stimuli
- Difficulty following through on instructions or completing tasks
- Avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental effort
- Frequently losing or misplacing items
Hyperactivity
- Excessive fidgeting or squirming
- Difficulty remaining seated when required
- Inability to engage in quiet, leisurely activities
- Excessive talking or interrupting others
- Constantly feeling restless or "on the go"
- In children, running or climbing in inappropriate situations
Impulsivity
- Difficulty waiting for one's turn in activities or conversations
- Interrupting or intruding on others
- Acting without considering the consequences of actions
- Blurting out answers before questions are fully asked
- Engaging in risky or dangerous behaviors without considering potential outcomes
It's essential to note that ADHD symptoms can change over time and may manifest differently depending on the individual's age and environment. Additionally, some of these symptoms can be present in individuals without ADHD, so it's important to consult with a professional for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Methods for ADHD
At Sterling Institute, a leading mental health and ADHD treatment center in Connecticut, we offer a variety of evidence-based treatment methods tailored to the unique needs of each individual with ADHD. Our comprehensive approach ensures that all aspects of the individual's mental health are addressed, leading to optimal outcomes and improved quality of life.
Comprehensive Assessment
Before beginning treatment, our team at Sterling Institute conducts a thorough assessment to provide an accurate ADHD diagnosis and identify any coexisting mental health conditions that may require additional support. Assessments are conducted by qualified psychiatrists, psychologists, and licensed clinical social workers.
Medication Management
Medication management is a key component of ADHD treatment. At Sterling Institute in Connecticut, our team provides prescription services for both stimulant and non-stimulant medications, which can help control symptoms and improve daily functioning. Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to assess medication effectiveness and make any necessary adjustments.
Stimulant Medications
Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD. These medications work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This helps improve attention, focus, and impulse control. Some of the most commonly prescribed stimulant medications for ADHD include:
- Ritalin (methylphenidate): Ritalin is a short-acting stimulant medication that helps improve focus and attention in individuals with ADHD. It is usually taken two to three times a day, with effects lasting about 3-4 hours per dose.
- Concerta (methylphenidate): Concerta is a long-acting form of methylphenidate that provides sustained symptom relief throughout the day. It is designed to be taken once daily, with effects lasting up to 12 hours.
- Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine): Adderall is a combination of two stimulant medications that work together to improve attention and reduce impulsivity. It is available in both short-acting and long-acting formulations, with the latter providing symptom relief for up to 12 hours.
Non-Stimulant Medications
In some cases, non-stimulant medications may be prescribed for individuals with ADHD, particularly when stimulant medications are not well-tolerated or are contraindicated due to coexisting conditions. Non-stimulant medications work differently than stimulants, often targeting specific neurotransmitter systems to help improve ADHD symptoms. Some examples of non-stimulant medications include:
- Strattera (atomoxetine): Strattera is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) that helps improve attention and reduce impulsivity in individuals with ADHD. It is taken once or twice daily, and its effects are generally longer-lasting compared to stimulant medications.
- Intuniv (guanfacine): Intuniv is an extended-release formulation of guanfacine, a medication that works by regulating the levels of norepinephrine in the brain. It can help improve attention and reduce impulsivity and is particularly effective in managing hyperactivity symptoms.
- Kapvay (clonidine): Kapvay is an extended-release formulation of clonidine, which works by affecting certain neurotransmitter systems in the brain. It can help improve attention and reduce impulsivity and is sometimes used as an adjunct to stimulant medications for better symptom control.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment that plays a significant role in managing ADHD symptoms and improving overall behavioral health. CBT is a short-term, goal-oriented therapy that focuses on teaching individuals to recognize and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. It can be particularly effective in addressing various challenges associated with ADHD, including time management, organizational skills, and communication.
At Sterling Institute, our team of experienced Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSWs) are skilled in implementing CBT to help individuals with ADHD overcome challenges and lead successful, fulfilling lives.
NeuroStar TMS Therapy
At Sterling Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, we are proud to offer NeuroStar TMS Therapy in Danbury, CT as part of our comprehensive treatment for ADHD. NeuroStar TMS Therapy provides a promising option for individuals looking for alternatives to traditional pharmacological approaches by using magnetic fields to stimulate areas of the brain involved in attention and mood regulation.
Sterling Institute’s commitment to incorporating cutting-edge treatments like NeuroStar TMS Therapy emphasizes our dedication to providing patients with the most effective and personalized care options, positioning them toward improved focus, impulsivity control, and overall well-being.
ADHD Treatment Across Different Age Groups
At Sterling Institute, we recognize that ADHD symptoms and treatment needs can vary significantly across different age groups. Our team of experienced professionals is equipped to provide tailored, evidence-based interventions for individuals with ADHD at all stages of life, from childhood through adolescence and adulthood. By understanding the unique challenges and developmental considerations associated with each age group, we can provide the most effective support and treatment for our patients.
Pediatric ADHD Treatment
Children with ADHD often struggle with academic and social challenges due to their difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Early intervention is crucial for helping young children with ADHD develop the necessary skills to succeed in school and beyond.
Pediatric ADHD treatment at Sterling Institute may include parent training and family involvement. Our team works closely with parents to provide education, support, and practical strategies for managing their child's ADHD symptoms at home and in other settings.
We also offer behavioral interventions to help children develop better self-regulation, organization, and social skills through evidence-based behavioral therapies, such as parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) or social skills training.
Adolescent ADHD Treatment
As children with ADHD grow older, they may face new challenges related to increased academic demands, peer relationships, and the transition to adulthood. Adolescent ADHD treatment at Sterling Institute addresses these unique challenges by incorporating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with medication management to help adolescents develop better behavioral health skills while controlling symptoms to improve daily functioning.
Adult ADHD Treatment
Adults with ADHD often face challenges related to time management, organization, and maintaining healthy relationships. They may also experience difficulties in the workplace due to their ADHD symptoms. Adult ADHD treatment at Sterling Institute focuses on addressing these challenges and supporting success in daily life through all the treatment methods mentioned
